{"id":298,"date":"2019-08-22T18:57:46","date_gmt":"2019-08-22T18:57:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/?p=298"},"modified":"2019-08-22T18:57:46","modified_gmt":"2019-08-22T18:57:46","slug":"whats-the-frequency-kenneth","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2019\/08\/22\/whats-the-frequency-kenneth\/","title":{"rendered":"What’s the frequency, Kenneth?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

First, if you get the reference in the title, you are old. Otherwise, <\/a>let me google that for you<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Second, a Reddit user recently posted\u00a0this question<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I have temperatures reading over times (2 secs interval) in a computer that is control by an automatic fan. The temperature fluctuate between 55 to 65 in approximately sine wave fashion. I wish to find out the average time between each cycle of the wave (time between 55 to 65 then 55 again the average over the entire data sets which includes many of those cycles) . What sort of statistical analysis do I use?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

[The following] is one of my data set represents one of the system configuration. Temperature reading are taken every 2 seconds. Please show me how you guys do it and which software. I would hope for something low tech like libreoffice or excel. Hopefully nothing too fancy is needed.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

A few people recommended using FFT, and I agreed, but I also suggested two other options:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Use a\u00a0cepstrum<\/a>, or<\/li>
  2. Keep it simple and use\u00a0zero-crossings<\/a>\u00a0instead.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    And then another person suggested autocorrelation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    I ran some experiments to see what each of these solutions looks like and what works best. If you are too busy for the details, I think the best option is computing the distance between zero crossings using a spline fitted to the smoothed data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    If you want the details, they are in this Jupyter notebook<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    First, if you get the reference in the title, you are old. Otherwise, let me google that for you. Second, a Reddit user recently posted\u00a0this question I have temperatures reading over times (2 secs interval) in a computer that is control by an automatic fan. The temperature fluctuate between 55 to 65 in approximately sine wave fashion. I wish to find out the average time between each cycle of the wave (time between 55 to 65 then 55 again the…<\/p>\n

    Read More Read More<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[42,40,39,38,37,41],"class_list":["post-298","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-autocorrelation","tag-cepstrum","tag-fft","tag-frequency","tag-signal-processing","tag-zero-crossing"],"yoast_head":"\nWhat's the frequency, Kenneth? - Probably Overthinking It<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2019\/08\/22\/whats-the-frequency-kenneth\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What's the frequency, Kenneth? - Probably Overthinking It\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"First, if you get the reference in the title, you are old. 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To celebrate, I'll post some excerpts here, starting with one of my favorite examples, Zipf's Law. It's from Chapter 6, which is about plotting data, and it uses Python dictionaries, which are covered in the previous\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/92b6d5e8cb9065d4b5b7e8ea0d56738437c9b08f97e05d0ceab47925c228ab62.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":786,"url":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2022\/09\/11\/polarization-and-partisan-sorting\/","url_meta":{"origin":298,"position":1},"title":"Polarization and partisan sorting","author":"AllenDowney","date":"September 11, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"I\u2019m working on a book called Probably Overthinking It that is about using evidence and reason to answer questions and guide decision making. If you would like to get an occasional update about the book, please join my mailing list. In the previous article, I used data from the General\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/alignment9-scaled.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/alignment9-scaled.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/alignment9-scaled.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/alignment9-scaled.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/alignment9-scaled.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/alignment9-scaled.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":259,"url":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2019\/08\/01\/left-right-part-3\/","url_meta":{"origin":298,"position":2},"title":"Left, right, part 3","author":"AllenDowney","date":"August 1, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"In the first article in this series, I looked at data from the General Social Survey (GSS) to see how political alignment in the U.S. has changed, on the axis from conservative to liberal, over the last 50 years. 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In the previous chapter we used\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/ecc1aef34032bb07cf1639367d00ddbe2fc8a8ed7532628b9ddddafed10f7f38.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1756,"url":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2026\/03\/30\/have-the-nones-hit-a-ceiling\/","url_meta":{"origin":298,"position":4},"title":"Have the Nones hit a ceiling?","author":"AllenDowney","date":"March 30, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Someone asked me recently why I stopped writing about religion, and I said there were two reasons: One is that the primary dataset I was following stopped updating; the other is that Ryan Burge is doing such a good job, I felt redundant. His most recent article presents evidence that\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"bayesian statistics\"","block_context":{"text":"bayesian statistics","link":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/tag\/bayesian-statistics\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/cohort_trajectory_re-2dd48c8df781b26e84647025ea5891b6.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/cohort_trajectory_re-2dd48c8df781b26e84647025ea5891b6.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/cohort_trajectory_re-2dd48c8df781b26e84647025ea5891b6.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/cohort_trajectory_re-2dd48c8df781b26e84647025ea5891b6.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/cohort_trajectory_re-2dd48c8df781b26e84647025ea5891b6.png?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":536,"url":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2021\/04\/07\/berkson-goes-to-college\/","url_meta":{"origin":298,"position":5},"title":"Berkson Goes to College","author":"AllenDowney","date":"April 7, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"This article is like a pre-excerpt from my forthcoming book, Probably Overthinking It: a revised version of this article make up part of the chapter about Berkson's paradox. If you would like to get an occasional update about the book, please join my mailing list. Suppose one day you visit\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/berkson5.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/berkson5.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/berkson5.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/berkson5.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/298","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=298"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/298\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":299,"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/298\/revisions\/299"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=298"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=298"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=298"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}