{"id":344,"date":"2019-12-03T18:53:58","date_gmt":"2019-12-03T18:53:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/?p=344"},"modified":"2019-12-04T15:13:18","modified_gmt":"2019-12-04T15:13:18","slug":"political-alignment-and-beliefs-about-homosexuality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2019\/12\/03\/political-alignment-and-beliefs-about-homosexuality\/","title":{"rendered":"Political alignment and beliefs about homosexuality"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In the United States, beliefs and attitudes about homosexuality have changed drastically over the last 50 years. In 1972, 74% of U.S. residents thought sexual relations between two adults of the same sex were “always wrong”, according to results from the General Social Survey<\/a> (GSS). In 2018, that fraction was down to 33%, and another 58% thought same-sex relations were “not wrong at all”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here’s what the distribution of responses looks like over the duration of the survey:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Distribution of responses to the question “What about sexual relations between two adults of the same sex\u2014do you think it is always wrong, almost always wrong, wrong only sometimes, or not wrong at all?”<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

In the late 1980s, the fraction of “always wrong” responses started dropping, being replaced almost entirely with “not at all wrong”. Respondents who chose “almost always wrong” or “sometimes wrong” have always been a small minority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Political alignment<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

As you might expect, these responses are related to political alignment, that is, to whether respondents describe themselves as liberal, conservative, or moderate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The following figure shows the fraction of “always wrong” responses over time, grouped by political alignment:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Fraction of respondents who think sexual relations between two adults of the same sex are “always wrong”, grouped by self-described political affiliation.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The circles in this figure show the observed percentages in each group during each year. The lines show a smooth curve computed by local regression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unsurprisingly, people who consider themselves conservative are consistently more likely than liberals to believe homosexuality is wrong. And moderates fall somewhere between liberals and conservatives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What might be more surprising is how conservative self-described liberals were in 1972: almost 60% of them thought homosexuality was always wrong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

You might also be surprised at how liberal self-described conservatives are now: the fraction who think homosexuality is wrong is down to 60%. In other words, conservatives now are as liberal as liberals were in 1972<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The more things change…<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

As we saw in a previous article<\/a>, the fractions of liberals and conservatives do not change much over time. The following figure shows the proportions for GSS respondents:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Self-described political alignment over time.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

I conjecture that people describe themselves relative to a perceived center of mass of public opinion. If they are more conservative than what they think is the mean, they are more likely to say they are “conservative”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But what that means, in terms of beliefs and attitudes, changes over time. And with some issues, it changes quite fast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The data and code I used for this article are in this GitHub repository<\/a>. If you would like to run the same analysis with other variables in the GSS, you can run this Jupyter notebook<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In the United States, beliefs and attitudes about homosexuality have changed drastically over the last 50 years. In 1972, 74% of U.S. residents thought sexual relations between two adults of the same sex were “always wrong”, according to results from the General Social Survey (GSS). In 2018, that fraction was down to 33%, and another 58% thought same-sex relations were “not wrong at all”. Here’s what the distribution of responses looks like over the duration of the survey: In the…<\/p>\n

Read More Read More<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[26,49,24,27],"class_list":["post-344","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-general-social-survey","tag-homosexuality","tag-jupyter","tag-political-alignment"],"yoast_head":"\nPolitical alignment and beliefs about homosexuality - Probably Overthinking It<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2019\/12\/03\/political-alignment-and-beliefs-about-homosexuality\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Political alignment and beliefs about homosexuality - Probably Overthinking It\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In the United States, beliefs and attitudes about homosexuality have changed drastically over the last 50 years. In 1972, 74% of U.S. residents thought sexual relations between two adults of the same sex were “always wrong”, according to results from the General Social Survey (GSS). In 2018, that fraction was down to 33%, and another 58% thought same-sex relations were “not wrong at all”. Here’s what the distribution of responses looks like over the duration of the survey: In the... 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Then I heard from a friend that Gallup published an article just a few weeks\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/lowess-1.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/lowess-1.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/lowess-1.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":865,"url":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2023\/06\/25\/go-get-the-data\/","url_meta":{"origin":344,"position":3},"title":"Go Get the Data","author":"AllenDowney","date":"June 25, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"My mantra when I was working on Probably Overthinking It was \"Go Get the Data.\" If I wanted to use a result from prior work, I would get the data whenever possible and make my own visualization. Of course, that's more work than copying and pasting a figure, but there\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/pinker452.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/pinker452.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/pinker452.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/pinker452.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":243,"url":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2019\/07\/26\/right-left-apart-together\/","url_meta":{"origin":344,"position":4},"title":"Right, left, apart, together?","author":"AllenDowney","date":"July 26, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Is the United States getting more conservative? With the rise of the alt-right, Republican control of Congress, and the election of Donald Trump, it might seem so. Or is the country getting more liberal? With the 2015 Supreme Court decision supporting same-sex marriage, the incremental legalization of marijuana, and recent\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"general social survey\"","block_context":{"text":"general social survey","link":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/tag\/general-social-survey\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/image-4.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":886,"url":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2023\/03\/16\/what-does-skew-mean\/","url_meta":{"origin":344,"position":5},"title":"What does skew mean?","author":"AllenDowney","date":"March 16, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"My audience skews left; that is, the people who read my blog are more liberal, on average, than the general population. For example, if I surveyed my readers and asked where they place themselves on a scale from liberal to conservative, the results might look like this: To be clear,\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image-2.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image-2.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image-2.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image-2.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/344","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=344"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/344\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":352,"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/344\/revisions\/352"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=344"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=344"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=344"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}