{"id":344,"date":"2019-12-03T18:53:58","date_gmt":"2019-12-03T18:53:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/?p=344"},"modified":"2026-10-11T00:08:31","modified_gmt":"2026-10-11T00:08:31","slug":"political-alignment-and-beliefs-about-homosexuality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2019\/12\/03\/political-alignment-and-beliefs-about-homosexuality\/","title":{"rendered":"Political alignment and beliefs about homosexuality"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the United States, beliefs and attitudes about homosexuality have changed drastically over the last 50 years.  In 1972, 74% of U.S. residents thought sexual relations between two adults of the same sex were &#8220;always wrong&#8221;, according to results from the <a href=\"https:\/\/gss.norc.org\/\">General Social Survey<\/a> (GSS).  In 2018, that fraction was down to 33%, and another 58% thought same-sex relations were &#8220;not wrong at all&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here&#8217;s what the distribution of responses looks like over the duration of the survey:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"424\" height=\"280\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/image-1.png 424w, https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/image-1-300x198.png 300w, https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/image-1-409x270.png 409w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 424px) 100vw, 424px\" \/><figcaption>Distribution of responses to the question &#8220;What about sexual relations between two adults of the same sex\u2014do you think it is always wrong, almost always wrong, wrong only sometimes, or not wrong at all?&#8221;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the late 1980s, the fraction of &#8220;always wrong&#8221; responses started dropping, being replaced almost entirely with &#8220;not at all wrong&#8221;.  Respondents who chose &#8220;almost always wrong&#8221; or &#8220;sometimes wrong&#8221; have always been a small minority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Political alignment<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As you might expect, these responses are related to political alignment, that is, to whether respondents describe themselves as liberal, conservative, or moderate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following figure shows the fraction of &#8220;always wrong&#8221; responses over time, grouped by political alignment:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"424\" height=\"280\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-347\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/image-2.png 424w, https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/image-2-300x198.png 300w, https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/image-2-409x270.png 409w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 424px) 100vw, 424px\" \/><figcaption>Fraction of respondents who think sexual relations between two adults of the same sex are &#8220;always wrong&#8221;, grouped by self-described political affiliation.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The circles in this figure show the observed percentages in each group during each year.  The lines show a smooth curve computed by local regression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unsurprisingly, people who consider themselves conservative are consistently more likely than liberals to believe homosexuality is wrong.  And moderates fall somewhere between liberals and conservatives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What might be more surprising is how conservative self-described liberals were in 1972: almost 60% of them thought homosexuality was always wrong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You might also be surprised at how liberal self-described conservatives are now: the fraction who think homosexuality is wrong is down to 60%.  In other words, <strong>conservatives now are as liberal as liberals were in 1972<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The more things change&#8230;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As we saw in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2019\/07\/27\/left-right-part-2\/\">a previous article<\/a>, the fractions of liberals and conservatives do not change much over time.  The following figure shows the proportions for GSS respondents:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"578\" height=\"280\" src=\"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-348\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/image-3.png 578w, https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/image-3-300x145.png 300w, https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/image-3-557x270.png 557w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 578px) 100vw, 578px\" \/><figcaption>Self-described political alignment over time.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I conjecture that people describe themselves relative to a perceived center of mass of public opinion.  If they are more conservative than what they think is the mean, they are more likely to say they are &#8220;conservative&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But what that means, in terms of beliefs and attitudes, changes over time.  And with some issues, it changes quite fast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The data and code I used for this article are in <a href=\"https:\/\/allendowney.github.io\/PoliticalAlignmentCaseStudy\/\">this GitHub repository<\/a>.  If you would like to run the same analysis with other variables in the GSS, <a href=\"https:\/\/colab.research.google.com\/github\/AllenDowney\/PoliticalAlignmentCaseStudy\/blob\/master\/04_worldview.ipynb\">you can run this Jupyter notebook<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>This topic is part of my book in progress, <a href=\"https:\/\/allendowney.com\/ywcn\">You Would Choose Now<\/a>, which uses decades of survey data to track changing attitudes in the United States. The early access edition is available now.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the United States, beliefs and attitudes about homosexuality have changed drastically over the last 50 years. In 1972, 74% of U.S. residents thought sexual relations between two adults of the same sex were &#8220;always wrong&#8221;, according to results from the General Social Survey (GSS). In 2018, that fraction was down to 33%, and another 58% thought same-sex relations were &#8220;not wrong at all&#8221;. Here&#8217;s what the distribution of responses looks like over the duration of the survey: In the&#8230;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"><a class=\"btn btn-default\" href=\"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2019\/12\/03\/political-alignment-and-beliefs-about-homosexuality\/\"> Read More<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">  Read More<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[26,49,24,27],"class_list":["post-344","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-general-social-survey","tag-homosexuality","tag-jupyter","tag-political-alignment"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Political alignment and beliefs about homosexuality - Probably Overthinking It<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2019\/12\/03\/political-alignment-and-beliefs-about-homosexuality\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Political alignment and beliefs about homosexuality - Probably Overthinking It\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In the United States, beliefs and attitudes about homosexuality have changed drastically over the last 50 years. In 1972, 74% of U.S. residents thought sexual relations between two adults of the same sex were &#8220;always wrong&#8221;, according to results from the General Social Survey (GSS). In 2018, that fraction was down to 33%, and another 58% thought same-sex relations were &#8220;not wrong at all&#8221;. Here&#8217;s what the distribution of responses looks like over the duration of the survey: In the... 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In 1972, 74% of U.S. residents thought sexual relations between two adults of the same sex were &#8220;always wrong&#8221;, according to results from the General Social Survey (GSS). In 2018, that fraction was down to 33%, and another 58% thought same-sex relations were &#8220;not wrong at all&#8221;. Here&#8217;s what the distribution of responses looks like over the duration of the survey: In the... 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