{"id":941,"date":"2023-05-10T16:35:33","date_gmt":"2023-05-10T16:35:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/?p=941"},"modified":"2023-05-10T16:35:33","modified_gmt":"2023-05-10T16:35:33","slug":"causation-collision-and-confusion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2023\/05\/10\/causation-collision-and-confusion\/","title":{"rendered":"Causation, Collision, and Confusion"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Today I presented <a href=\"https:\/\/odsc.com\/speakers\/causation-collision-and-confusion-avoiding-the-most-dangerous-error-in-statistics\/\">a talk about Berkson&#8217;s paradox at ODSC East 2023<\/a>. If you missed it, <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/presentation\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vRfp93z9-0v4d4xbhw73zgBO-oz0QMguXrBCUI3JQsmpv2RzUDlClyRS2kZMy-EMZTCYI-38HNMrPSP\/pub?start=false&amp;loop=false&amp;delayms=3000\">the slides are here<\/a>. When the video is available, I&#8217;ll post it here.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Abstract: Collision bias is the most treacherous error in statistics: it can be subtle, it is easy to induce it by accident, and the error it causes can be bigger than the effect you are trying to measure. It is the cause of Berkson&#8217;s paradox, the low birthweight paradox, and the obesity paradox, among other famous historical errors. And it might be the cause of your next blunder! Although it is best known in epidemiology, it appears in other fields of science, engineering, and business.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this talk, I will present examples of collision bias and show how it can be caused by a biased sampling process or induced by inappropriate statistical controls; and I will introduce causal diagrams as a tool for representing causal hypotheses and diagnosing collision bias.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>So, don&#8217;t tell anyone, but this talk is part of my stealth book tour!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It started in 2019, when I presented <a href=\"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2019\/10\/18\/the-dartboard-paradox\/\">a talk at PyData NYC<\/a> based on Chapter 2: Relay Races and Revolving Doors.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In 2022, I presented <a href=\"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2022\/11\/09\/chasing-the-overton-window\/\">another talk at PyData NYC<\/a>, based on Chapter 12: Chasing the Overton Window.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Today&#8217;s talk is based on Chapter 7: Causation, Collision, and Confusion.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In July I&#8217;m presenting a talk at SciPy based on Chapter 9: The Long Tail of Disaster.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>And, if things go according to plan, I&#8217;ll present Chapter 1 at a book event at the Needham Public Library on December 7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>More chapters coming soon!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today I presented a talk about Berkson&#8217;s paradox at ODSC East 2023. If you missed it, the slides are here. When the video is available, I&#8217;ll post it here. Abstract: Collision bias is the most treacherous error in statistics: it can be subtle, it is easy to induce it by accident, and the error it causes can be bigger than the effect you are trying to measure. It is the cause of Berkson&#8217;s paradox, the low birthweight paradox, and the&#8230;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"><a class=\"btn btn-default\" href=\"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2023\/05\/10\/causation-collision-and-confusion\/\"> Read More<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">  Read More<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-941","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Causation, Collision, and Confusion - Probably Overthinking It<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2023\/05\/10\/causation-collision-and-confusion\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Causation, Collision, and Confusion - Probably Overthinking It\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Today I presented a talk about Berkson&#8217;s paradox at ODSC East 2023. If you missed it, the slides are here. When the video is available, I&#8217;ll post it here. Abstract: Collision bias is the most treacherous error in statistics: it can be subtle, it is easy to induce it by accident, and the error it causes can be bigger than the effect you are trying to measure. It is the cause of Berkson&#8217;s paradox, the low birthweight paradox, and the... Read More Read More\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2023\/05\/10\/causation-collision-and-confusion\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Probably Overthinking It\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-05-10T16:35:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"AllenDowney\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@AllenDowney\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@AllenDowney\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"AllenDowney\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2023\/05\/10\/causation-collision-and-confusion\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2023\/05\/10\/causation-collision-and-confusion\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"AllenDowney\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/4e5bfb2e9af6c3446cb0031a7bf83207\"},\"headline\":\"Causation, Collision, and Confusion\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-05-10T16:35:33+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2023\/05\/10\/causation-collision-and-confusion\/\"},\"wordCount\":268,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2023\/05\/10\/causation-collision-and-confusion\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2023\/05\/10\/causation-collision-and-confusion\/\",\"name\":\"Causation, Collision, and Confusion - 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When the video is available, I will post it here [UPDATE here it is]. https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YKMZIzYBgTk In the meantime, you can read the slides, if you don't mind spoilers. For people at the conference who don't know me, this\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/are_you_normal_windshield_wiper.gif?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/are_you_normal_windshield_wiper.gif?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/are_you_normal_windshield_wiper.gif?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/are_you_normal_windshield_wiper.gif?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":536,"url":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2021\/04\/07\/berkson-goes-to-college\/","url_meta":{"origin":941,"position":1},"title":"Berkson Goes to College","author":"AllenDowney","date":"April 7, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"This article is like a pre-excerpt from my forthcoming book, Probably Overthinking It: a revised version of this article make up part of the chapter about Berkson's paradox. If you would like to get an occasional update about the book, please join my mailing list. Suppose one day you visit\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/berkson5.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/berkson5.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/berkson5.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/berkson5.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1097,"url":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2023\/11\/07\/we-have-a-book\/","url_meta":{"origin":941,"position":2},"title":"We Have a Book!","author":"AllenDowney","date":"November 7, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"My copy of Probably Overthinking It has arrived! If you want a copy for yourself, you can get a 30% discount if you order from the publisher and use the code UCPNEW. You can also order from Amazon or, if you want to support independent bookstores, from Bookshop.org. The official\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMG_20231107_104338_7.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMG_20231107_104338_7.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMG_20231107_104338_7.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMG_20231107_104338_7.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMG_20231107_104338_7.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/IMG_20231107_104338_7.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":319,"url":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2019\/10\/18\/the-dartboard-paradox\/","url_meta":{"origin":941,"position":3},"title":"The Dartboard Paradox","author":"AllenDowney","date":"October 18, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"On November 5, 2019, I will be at PyData NYC to give a talk called The Inspection Paradox is Everywhere [UPDATE: The video from the talk is here]. Here's the abstract: The inspection paradox is a statistical illusion you\u2019ve probably never heard of. It\u2019s a common source of confusion, an\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"dartboard\"","block_context":{"text":"dartboard","link":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/tag\/dartboard\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/darts2-1.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/darts2-1.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/darts2-1.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/darts2-1.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":956,"url":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2023\/06\/10\/abstracts-and-keywords\/","url_meta":{"origin":941,"position":4},"title":"Abstracts and keywords","author":"AllenDowney","date":"June 10, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"As Probably Overthinking It approaches the finish line, there are just a few more tasks: I am working on the index and -- as I have recently learned -- I also have to write a 200-word abstract, a list of keywords for each chapter, and a 250-word abstract for the\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":596,"url":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/2021\/05\/03\/simpsons-paradox-and-age-effects\/","url_meta":{"origin":941,"position":5},"title":"Simpson&#8217;s Paradox and Age Effects","author":"AllenDowney","date":"May 3, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"As people get older, do they become more racist, sexist, and homophobic? To find out, you could use data from the General Social Survey (GSS), which asks questions like: Do you think there should be laws against marriages between Blacks\/African-Americans and whites?Should a man who admits[mfn]If you find the wording\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"general social survey\"","block_context":{"text":"general social survey","link":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/tag\/general-social-survey\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/fepol_vs_age_by_cohort10.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/fepol_vs_age_by_cohort10.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/fepol_vs_age_by_cohort10.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/941","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=941"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/941\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":946,"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/941\/revisions\/946"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=941"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=941"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allendowney.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=941"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}